Aluminium 5052 vs 6061: Properties, Applications & Selection
Sezvo maviri anonyanya kushandiswa aruminiyamu alloys mundima yeindasitiri, 5052 uye 6061 inovhara zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviitiko, kubva kune aerospace kusvika kune yevagari vemo, zvichibva pane yavo yakasarudzika yekuumbwa dhizaini uye kuita zvakanakira. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora misiyano yakakosha, maitiro ekuita uye mamiriro ekushandisa emhando mbiri idzi dzealuminium alloys kuti tipe ruzivo rwehunyanzvi pakusarudzwa chaiko.
Chii chinonzi 5052 Aluminium Alloy?
5052 aluminium alloy ndeye 5xxx yakatevedzana yealuminium-magnesium alloys, iyo yakakosha alloying element imagnesium (zviri mukati 2.2% -2.8%), inova yakajairika isiri-yekupisa kurapwa inosimbisa alloy.
Iyo yakajairika isina-kupisa-yakagadziriswa yakasimbiswa alloy. Iyo haigone kusimbiswa nekudzima, kuchembera uye mamwe maitiro ekurapa kupisa, asi inongovimba nekuomeswa kwechando kuti iwane kuwedzera kudiki kwesimba, uye dhizaini yayo isina mhangura inodzivirira njodzi ye intergranular corrosion panzvimbo yayo. Hunhu hwayo hwepakati hwekupedzisira-yepamusoro corrosion kuramba, ine yakanakisa weldability, kuumba uye kuneta simba, igungwa, kemikari uye dzimwe dzakaomarara nharaunda dzinoparadza dzinofarirwa zvinhu.
Iyo yakajairwa mainstream processing state iH32, H34, iyo iyo H32 state inofunga zvese simba uye kuumbwa, uye ndiyo inonyanya kutaurwa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa mamiriro akadai seshizha simbi uye zvikamu zvakakandwa, uye inonyanya kukodzera kune zviremekedzo zvimiro zvezvikamu zvinoda kudzokororwa kupeta uye welding.
Chii chinonzi 6061 Aluminium Alloy?
6061 aruminiyamu alloy ndeye 6xxx akateedzana ealuminium-magnesium-silicon alloys, iyo yakakosha alloying zvinhu ayo ari magnesium (0.8% -1.2%) uye silicon (0.4% -0.8%), uye ndeye yakasarudzika kupisa-kurapa kwakasimbiswa alloy.
Kuburikidza neT4, T6 uye mamwe maitiro ekupisa anogona kuona kuwedzera kukuru kwesimba, T6 nyika ndiyo yakanyanya simba mamiriro, mushure mekushongedza kunogona zvakare kuve kuburikidza neyechipiri kupisa kurapwa kudzoreredza simba, muitiro kuchinjika kwakasimba. Sezvo a“universal model”yemaindasitiri ealuminium profiles, ine yakanakisa simba-ku-huremu reshiyo, machinability uye basic corrosion resistance, uye yakakodzera kune akawanda-maitiro uye akawanda-mamiriro ekugadzirisa zvikamu zvinodiwa.
Iyo yakajairwa mainstream process state ndeye T4 neT6, iyo T4 nyika yakanakira kukotama, kurovera kwakadzika uye mamwe maitiro ekugadzira, uye iyo T6 nyika yakakodzera kune inotakura-inotakura zvimiro zvikamu, inova ndiyo yakakosha zvinhu zvekubhururuka nendege, mota, kuvaka, kunyatsogadzira uye mamwe minda, uye zvakare imwe yezvimiro zvealuminium alloys ine yakakura kwazvo dhizaini vhoriyamu munyika.
5052 vs 6061: Key Performance & Advantage Kuenzanisa
5052 uye 6061 ndiwo maviri anonyanya kushandiswa emhando mhando dzemaindasitiri aruminiyamu profiles, ane misiyano yakakura mukuita uye zvakanakira nekuda kweakasiyana magadzirirwo ekugadzira uye kusimbisa masisitimu.
Key Performance Kuenzanisa
Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari
Kuumbwa kunoumba hwaro hwechisanganiswa's performance uye inosarudza zvakananga mabhenefiti ayo akakosha pamwe nekupikiswa kwayo:
Aluminium alloy 5052: Aluminium-magnesium alloy ine zvisaririra zvechromium uye yakaderera zvakanyanya mazinga etsvina sesilicon, mhangura, uye iron. Nekuda kwehushoma hwayo hwemhangura, kurwisa kwayo kusimba kwakakwira zvakanyanya kune yakajairwa aruminiyamu alloys, uye inochengetedza kugadzikana kwayo munzvimbo dzine chloride ion, pamwe nemunzvimbo dzine acidic uye alkaline. Iyo chromium inowedzera kunatsiridza saizi yezviyo uye inovandudza chimiro chehomogeneity.
Aluminium alloy 6061: Aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy ine trace uwandu hwemhangura uye chromium. Iye Mg₂Si chikamu chakaumbwa nekubatanidzwa kwe magnesium uye silicon kiyi yekuwedzera simba panguva yekupisa kurapwa. Mhangura inonatsiridza kusimba kwegadziko asi zvishoma inodzikisira corrosion resistance, uye chromium inonatsa saizi yezviyo kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwealloy.'s mechanical properties munzvimbo dzepamusoro-tembiricha.
Mechanical Properties
Paunenge uchishandisa iyo indasitiri-yakajairwa kugadzirisa mamiriro 5052-H32 uye 6061-T6 sebhenji, mutsauko wemichini zvivakwa unotaridza zvakananga kukodzera kwechikumbiro chakasiyana:
Kusimba simba/ goho simba: 6061-T6 (tensile simba 310 MPa/ goho simba 276 MPa) yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura kukosha 5052-H32 (tensile simba 215-265 MPa/ goho simba 160 MPa), inopa zviri nani kutakura mutoro uye kuramba deformation, uye yakakodzera kune yakakwirira-mutoro zvikumbiro.
Simba rekuneta: Simba rekuneta kwe5052-H32 i117 MPa, inokwana zvakapetwa kaviri iyo ye6061-T6 (62 MPa), uye inoshingirira kuchinjika mitoro, kudzokororwa kushushikana, uye kudedera, nekudaro ichiwedzera chigadzirwa.'hupenyu hwesevhisi.
Ductility uye kuoma: 5052 inoratidzira yakakwirira elongation uye yakaderera njodzi yekutsemuka kwefomu, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakaoma sheet simbi kuumba; iyo Brinell kuomarara kwe6061 inosvika makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu (5052: 60), iyo inopa zvirinani kupfeka kusagadzikana uye extrusion kuramba, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune chaiyo mechanical zvikamu.
Corrosion Resistance
Aluminium alloy 5052: Indasitiri mwero wekupokana nekuora, inozivikanwa sea“Marine-giredhi”aluminium alloy, inopesana nemvura yegungwa, chloride ions, isina simba acids, uye alkaline corrosion; inongoratidza kutsvinda kwegomba mu500-awa yemunyu yekupfapfaidza bvunzo, hapana njodzi yekushungurudzika ngura kutsemuka, hapana kumwe kurapwa kwepamusoro kunodiwa, kunogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba munzvimbo dzakaoma, dzinoparadza.
6061 aluminium alloy: yakanaka corrosion kuramba munzvimbo dzakajairwa, kuita kwakagadzikana munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemukati maindasitiri; zvisinei, kukosha kwegomba kunoitika panguva ye200-awa yemunyu yekupfapfaidza bvunzo pasi pemamiriro ekuora zvakanyanya; zvimiro zvine mhangura zvinowanzoitika kune intergranular corrosion, uye anodic oxidation, kupfapfaidza, uye kumwe kurapwa kwepamusoro kunodiwa kuti uwedzere kuchengetedzwa.
Processing Hunhu
HkudyaTreatability
5052: isiri-yekupisa kurapwa yakasimbisa mhando, hapana kupisa kwekugadzirisa nzvimbo, nyore kugadzirisa maitiro, hapana zvimwe zvekushandisa uye mutengo wevashandi, yakakwira kugadzirwa kwakanaka, kwakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemashizha esimbi, zvikamu zvakasungwa.
6061: kupisa-kupisa kwakasimbiswa mhando, inotsigira T4 kuumbwa uye T6 kusimbiswa, ine yakasimba nzira inoshanduka, inochinjika kuchinjika kwesimba, kuchinjika kune yakaoma kugadzirisa maitiro, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba zvechaizvo zvimiro zvikamu.
Skukwegura
5052: yakanakisa weldability, inoenderana neTIG welding, resistance welding uye dzimwe nzira dzakajairika, hapana akakosha post-weld kupisa-akakanganisa zone simba degradation, hapana kunotevera kupisa kurapwa, weldments dzakagadzikana dzakagadzikana, dzakakodzera kune welding-yakakura zvigadzirwa.
6061: yakanaka weldability, kuzadzisa zvakajairwa welding zvinodiwa, asi kusimba kwenzvimbo inopisa-inokonzerwa nekupisa yakaderera neanenge 30%, kudiwa kwechipiri T6 kupisa kurapwa kudzoreredza kusimba kwemaitiro uye mutengo wakakwira, wakakodzera post-welding zvinodiwa zvakakwirira zvezvikamu zvekuumbwa.
Machinability
5052: general machinability, kucheka nyore kubatika banga, kupedzisa kwepamusoro kwakaoma kudzora, chete kune yakapusa dhizaini kugadzirisa, isina kukodzera yakakwirira-chaiyo zviitiko.
6061: yakanakisa machinability, yakatsetseka kucheka, yakanaka chip kubviswa, inogona kuona yakakwirira-chaiyo saizi yekudzora uye yakakwirira pamusoro pekupedzisira, ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo yechaiyo makina zvikamu uye yakaoma zvimiro zvikamu.
Formability
5052: Yakanakisa kuumbwa, yakaderera kupeta radius 1 nguva ukobvu hweplate, inokodzera kudhirowa kwakadzika, roll bending, kukombama kwakaomarara uye mamwe maitiro, hapana njodzi yekutsemuka, yakakodzera kune dzakasiyana siyana dzakaomesesa sheet simbi kuumba.
6061: Kuumbwa kwepakati, kushoma kupeta radius 3-4 nguva yepureti ukobvu, nyore kutsemuka mukukotama kwakaoma, kunoda kuvharirwa kusati kwaumbwa, kuderera kwechigadzirwa, kwakakodzera chete kuumbwa kwemaitiro.
Kubatsira Kuenzanisa
5052 Aluminium Alloy
Yepamusoro corrosion resistance, inokodzera mugungwa, yakakwira chlorine, makemikari nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakaomarara, hapana chikonzero chekurapa pamusoro, kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa;
Yakanakisa weldability, yakakodzera kune ese mainstream welding nzira, hapana kusimba kwesimba mushure mewelding, hapana kudikanwa kwekutevera kupisa kurapwa, kurerutsa maitiro uye kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi;
Yakanakisa kuumbwa, hapana njodzi yekutsemuka mukukotama kwakaomarara uye kurovera kwakadzika, kusangana neyakasiyana siyana sheet simbi yekuenzanisira zvinodiwa uye kuwedzera chigadzirwa dhizaini inoshanduka;
Kunyanya kuneta simba, kusagadzikana kudzokororwa kushushikana uye kudedera, kusimbisa chigadzirwa kuchengetedza uye kuderedza njodzi yekutadza;
Yakareruka kugadzirisa maitiro, hapana kupisa kupisa, hapana yekuwedzera michina uye yekudyara yevashandi, yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda.
Mutengo wekutenga wezvigadzirwa 5% -10% wakakwira kupfuura iwo we6061, uye mutengo wepasi wakakwira zvishoma, izvo zvisiri hushamwari kumapurojekiti anodhura.
6061 Aluminium Alloy
Yakanakisa simba kune huremu reshiyo, T6 state tensile simba re310MPa, inokodzera marudzi ese ezvivakwa zvinotakura, yakakwirira mitoro mamiriro, ndiyo yakakosha zvinhu zvemaindasitiri zvimiro zvezvikamu;
Yakanakisa machinability, inogona kuona yakakwirira-chaiyo dimensional kudzora uye yakakwirira pamusoro pekupedzisira, inovandudza chigadzirwa nemazvo uye mhando, yakakodzera kune chaiyo machining mamiriro;
Kusimbisa kurapwa kwekupisa, kushanduka kwekugadzirisa simba maererano nekugadzirisa, kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro, kwakakodzera kune-multi-processing, yakaoma kugadzirisa maitiro;
Yakasimba-chinangwa, maindasitiri makuru mamodheru, akatemerwa zvakakwana, akakwana hesera, yakagadzika ketani yekugovera, nguva pfupi yekutumira, inodzoreka mutengo wekutenga, wakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda;
Mushure mekugadzira, simba rinogona kudzoreredzwa kuburikidza nechipiri kupisa kurapwa, tichifunga nezvezvinodiwa zvekushongedza uye kusimba kwechimiro, uye kuwedzera kuchinjika kwechigadzirwa dhizaini.
Zvishandiso zve5052 Aluminium
MarineIindustry
5052 aluminium alloy yave chinhu chinofarirwa muindasitiri yemugungwa nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kwemvura yegungwa kudzivirira. Yayo yakakwira magnesium uye chromium yemukati inogona kudzikamisa kukukurwa kwemvura yegungwa, kudzivirira ngura uye kuora kwezvikamu, uye kurebesa hupenyu hwesevhisi.
Kuumbwa kwayo kwakanyanya uye kuoma kwayo kunogona kuchinjirwa kune yakaoma yakakomberedzwa pamusoro pekugadzirisa ganda rehull, uye panguva imwe chete kusangana nekureruka kudiwa kweiyo superstructure yechikepe, kuderedza huremu hwehull, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.
Pamusoro pemabhomba ehull uye ma superstructures engarava, anowanzo shandiswa mu kabhini bulkheads, deck fittings, marine pipelines, buoys uye mamwe marudzi enguva refu yekubatana nezvikamu zvemvura yegungwa, yakakodzera kune zvikepe zvidiki zvinomhanya, ngarava huru dzinotakura zvinhu, mapuratifomu ekumahombekombe uye othe.r marine scenarios,tichifunga nezvekuvimbika uye hupfumi.
Auto Parts
Sezvo motokari dzichiri kusimukira dzichienda kuchiedza chiedza uye kuchengetedza simba, 5052 aruminiyamu alloy ine yakanakisa hurongwa hwekuita uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakakosha zvakadai semafuta emafuta uye mapaneru emuviri, nezvimwewo. Kusagadzikana kwayo kwakanakisisa kwemarara kunodzivirira ngura uye kubuda kubva mumatangi emafuta, uye chimiro chayo chakanaka chinokodzera zvinodiwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari.
Zvichakadaro, zvichienzaniswa nesimbi yechinyakare, 5052 aruminiyamu alloy ine mabhenefiti ari pachena mukurerutsa, uye kushandiswa kwayo mumapanera emuviri uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kunyatso kudzikisa huremu hwemotokari, kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kubuda kwemhepo.
Pamusoro pezvo, simba rayo repakati uye kusimba kwakanaka kunogonawo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvegungano zvezvimiro zvemotokari, tichifunga nezvekuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa zviri nyore, zvakakodzera kumota dzemhuri, mota dzekutengesa, mota nyowani uye mamwe mamodheru.
ConsumerElectronicsProduct
Mutengi zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kune kureruka, kutetepa, kusimba kusimudzira, 5052 aruminiyamu alloy nekuda kwekureruka, corrosion resistance, nyore kuumba uye zvimwe zvakanaka, zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzese dzezvigadzirwa zvevatengi. Mumunda wemidziyo yemagetsi, inowanzoshandiswa mumakomputa, nharembozha uye mamwe mabhomba uye mafuremu, izvo zvinogona kuderedza uremu, kuramba kupfeka uye kubvarura ngura, asi zvakare kubatsira mukupisa kupisa uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo.
Mumunda wemidziyo yekubikira uye midziyo yemumba, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mupunga cooker makungu, mapaneru efiriji, masingi ekicheni, zvibatiso zvekicheni, nezvimwewo, kudzivirira hunyoro, kuramba kwemafuta, nyore kuchenesa hunhu hwekicheni neimba inogona kuchinjirwa kune yakaoma kushandiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye panguva imwe chete, manyorerwo ayo akareruka esimbi anogonawo kuwedzera kukosha kwechigadzirwa, uchifunga nezvechigadzirwa.
Aerospace
Kunyange zvazvo 5052 aruminiyamu alloy isina simba rakakwirira re6061 aruminiyamu alloy uye haigoni kushandiswa kune zvakakosha zvikamu zvemuchadenga mumunda, inoita basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvisingatakuri kuburikidza nehuremu hwayo huremu, kusimba kwekuora uye kuumbwa kwakanaka, uye ibasa rinokosha rinoshandiswa munzvimbo yeaerospace.
Midziyo yemuchadenga ine huremu hwakasimba hwekutonga kwezvikamu, uye huremu huremu hwe5052 aruminiyamu alloy hunogona kuderedza huremu hwemidziyo uye kuwedzera kubhururuka kwendege, nepo kushomeka kwayo kwekugwinya kwakakodzera nzvimbo dzakaoma senge yakakwira, kudzivirira kutadza kutadza kwezvikamu.
Inowanzoshandiswa muzvikamu zvisingakoshi zvakadai semakonji endege uye mapaneru emukati, uye yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvekubatsira zvemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yemuchadenga, tichifunga nezvezvinodiwa zvekushandisa uye kudzora mutengo.
Zvishandiso zve6061 Aluminium
AErospace
6061 aruminiyamu alloy ndiyo yakakosha zvinhu zvezvimiro zvisingaremi muindasitiri yezvemuchadenga nekuda kweiyo yakanakisa kupisa-kurapa inosimbisa zvivakwa uye yakasarudzika simba-ku-huremu reshiyo, uye yave chinhu chakakosha chesarudzo yemabasa ezvimiro mundima iyi nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kwemakanika.
Iyo alloy inoshandiswa kune ndege mukati memapuranga, mapuranga asina kurongwa endege uye mamwe asiri ekutanga anotakura aerospace zvikamu, izvo zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chesimba rechimiro uye kuneta kuramba uchideredza uremu, uye kuita kwayo kwakanaka kwemachining uye welding kunosanganawo nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvezvimiro zvakaoma.
Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo uye yakavimbika michina zvivakwa, 6061 aruminiyamu alloy inokwanisa kuenderana neyakaomarara nharaunda yendege, uye ndeye classic zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa zvimiro zvendege, tichifunga nezvekuita uye tekinoroji, inopa rutsigiro rwakasimba pakureruka kwemidziyo yendege.
Mota uye Zvekufambisa
Mukureruka dhizaini uye kusimudzira maitiro emidziyo yemotokari, 6061 aluminium alloy yave imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa zvinhu zvezvinhu zvakakosha senge mota chassis masisitimu nekuda kweakanakisa mamechani ezvivakwa uye epamberi kugadzirisa maitiro. 6061 aluminium alloy inogona kuderedza huremu hwezvikamu kuti ive nechokwadi chekusimba uye kuchengetedzeka, kuwedzera huwandu hwemotokari uye nekugonesa kushandiswa kwesimba.
Pasi pemamiriro ekusimbisa kusimba kwesimba uye kuchengetedzeka, chinyorwa ichi chinogona kuderedza huremu hwezvikamu, kuvandudza huwandu hwemotokari uye kukwidziridza mashandisiro esimba. 6061 aluminium alloy ine yakanaka welding uye yekugadzira mashandiro, inochinjika kune kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakaomarara uye inotsigira kugadzirwa kwemazhinji.
Iyi nhevedzano yezvakanakira zvinhu yakanyatsokodzera kune yazvino kutungamira kweiyo simba nyowani indasitiri yemotokari yehuremu uye yakanyanya kuita, iyo isingango wedzera kugadzikana kwekubata uye kutyaira kutsvedzerera kwemotokari, asi zvakare inovandudza mota yese inotakura-kuremedza uye yakazara kushanda kushanda.
Industrial Manufacturing
6061 aruminiyamu alloy chave chinhu chinosarudzika kune epakati zvikamu zve otomatiki michina uye chaiyo muchina nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanaka uye kugadzikana kwechimiro. Mushure mekurapa kwekupisa nekusimbisa, inogona kuchengetedza dimensional kurongeka uye kuita pasi pemitoro yakakwira, ichivimbisa kushanda kwakasimba kwenguva refu kwemidziyo.
Ichi chinyorwa chinosangana nekuoma uye kusimba zvinodiwa zvemidziyo yemaindasitiri, inorerutsa kugadzirisa, inovandudza mashandiro, inobatsira mabhizinesi kuona iko kurongeka uye kugadzirwa kwakanaka, uye ndiyo yakakosha zvimiro zvekureruka kukwidziridzwa kwepamusoro-magumo ekugadzira michina.
CmurayiroWork
Muchirongwa chemazuva ano chekuvaka, 6061 aluminium alloy yave sarudzo huru yeketeni remadziro keel, inotakura-inotakura bracket, scaffolding uye simbi magadzirirwo ekubatanidza nekuda kwesimba rayo rakakura uye nyore kuisirwa.
Iyo inoderedza mitoro yekuvaka uye mari yekufambisa nekuda kwehuremu hwayo, uku ichivimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro-inotakura kuchengetedzwa uye mhepo uye seismic kuramba.
Hunhu hwayo husingadzivirirwe nehuturu hunogona kuchinjirwa kune yekunze-yenguva yakareba yebasa nharaunda, ichipa mapurojekiti akakura ane zvese kugadzikana uye zvigadziriso zvehupfumi, zvichibatsira kugadzikana kwese uye hupenyu hwebasa hwechivako.
Leisure uyeCivilian kushandiswa
Mukushandiswa kwekutandara uye mamiriro ehurumende, 6061 aruminiyamu alloy yave sarudzo yakakurumbira yekunze kwekambi midziyo, mafuremu emidziyo yemitambo, zvinhu zvakangwara zvemba uye fenicha yepamusoro-soro nekuda kwemabhenefiti ayo maviri ekugara uye kushongedza.
Iyo haigone chete kuzadzisa zvinodikanwa zvekupikisa kupikisa uye kuramba kwemamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzekunze, asi zvakare inopa hupfumi hwekutaridzika mhedzisiro kuburikidza neanodic oxidation uye mamwe maitiro. Kunyange ichivimbisa kureruka kwekushandisa zvigadzirwa, inogona zvakare kuvandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvehurumende uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi.
Conclusion
Kupfupisa, misiyano yepakati pakati pe5052 ne6061 aruminiyamu alloy yakajeka: 5052 inotarisa pakupokana kwekuora, kuumbwa uye mutengo wekuita, uye inokodzera kusimba kwepakati uye yakakwira corrosion resistance molding kudiwa scenarios; 6061 inotarisa pane simba, machinability uye kupisa kupisa, uye yakakodzera kune yakakwirira-simba uye chaiyo machining zvimiro zvezvikamu zvimiro.
Kiyi yekusarudza ndeyekubatanidza izvo zvakakosha zvinodiwa zveyako mamiriro, kukoshesa kuenzanirana kwekuita kwakakosha, uye kuwana chiyero pakati pemutengo nekuita. Kana iwe uchida akagadziridzwa aluminiyamu profiles kana nyanzvi yekusarudza zano, unogamuchirwa kutibata nesu kune-pane-imwe mhinduro.
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Email:
sales@retop-industry.com
Whatsapp/Phone:
0086-15537183797
