Uyenza lukhuni njani iAluminiyam

Umhla:2026-05-09

Jonga: 766 Inqaku

Ukuqina kwe-aluminium yiteknoloji ephambili yokuphucula ixabiso lezicelo zayo zoshishino, ezigubungela umgaqo, inkqubo, uvavanyo kunye nezinye iinkalo eziphambili. Eli nqaku ligxininise kwi-core yobudala yokuqina, ukuqhaqha iingongoma eziphambili zokusebenza okusebenzayo, kwaye kunceda ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo izakhono zokuqiniswa kweeprofayili ze-aluminium.

Kuthetha ukuthini "Ukuqiniswa kweAluminiyam"?

Ukuqina kwe-aluminiyam, okwakwaziwa njengokuqina kweminyaka okanye ukuqina kwemvula, yinkqubo engundoqo yokuphucula amandla kunye nobulukhuni be-aluminiyam kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminiyam ngonyango lobushushu.
Umgaqo ongundoqo kukuba i-aluminiyam ifudunyezwa kwiqondo lobushushu elithile ukuze i-alloying elements inyibilike ngokupheleleyo kwaye ipholiswe ngokukhawuleza ukwenza isisombululo esiqinileyo se-supersaturated. Le microstructure engazinzanga ikhokelela kwimvula ecothayo yamancinci esigaba esincinci, esithintela ngokufanelekileyo ukunyakaza kwe-dislocation ngaphakathi kwentsimbi, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kakhulu iipropati zomatshini weprofayili ngaphandle kokutshintsha imilo yayo.
Le nkqubo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lanamhlanje, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezifuna ukulingana phakathi kwamandla kunye nokukhanya. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela zokuqina, ukuqina kweminyaka kunokulawula ngokuchanekileyo iipropati ze-aluminium kwaye kunozinzo oluphezulu lwe-dimensional ngexesha lenkqubo, okwenza kube yinkxaso ephambili ye-teknoloji ye-aerospace, i-automotive kunye nezinye iindawo eziphezulu.

IiNzuzo eziPhambili zeAluminiyam yokuqinisa ubudala

Ukuqina kobudala kuzisa inani lokutsiba kokusebenza kwiiprofayili ze-aluminium, kubanika iingenelo ezingenakubuyiselwa kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zesicelo.
Okokuqala, iamandla kunye nobunzimaIiprofayili ze-aluminium ziphuculwe kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa isiphumo sokuqiniswa kwamasuntswana esigaba se-precipitated, amandla okuqina kunye nobunzima beeprofayili ze-aluminium kunokufikelela kumaxesha amaninzi kwimeko engaphendulwanga, ngelixa ugcina ubuninzi obuphantsi, ngaloo ndlela uqonda imfuno engundoqo "yokukhanya kunye namandla".
Ulwakhiwo olulungiselelwe ukutya okuziinkozo yenye imbalasane, ulawulo olungqongqo lweparameters zenkqubo lunokwenza usasazo olufanayo lwesigaba esincitshisiweyo, ukuzeiimpawu zomatshini we-aluminium uzinzile ngakumbi, ukuphepha ukungaphumeleli okubangelwa ngamanqaku abuthathaka asekuhlaleni. Ngokwemiqathango yeukunxiba ukuxhathisa kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, ukuqina komphezulu we-aluminiyam owenziwe lukhuni kuphuculwe ukuze kuxhathise ilahleko yokungqubana, kwaye ezinye zealloyi zinyangwa ukunyusa uxhathiso lwe-corrosion, olulungele ngakumbi imekobume erhabaxa efana nolwandle nangaphandle.
Uzinzo lweDimensional Ikwayinzuzo ebalaseleyo yokuqina kweminyaka, inkqubo yonyango lobushushu incinci kakhulu, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuchaneka komgangatho wamalungu achanekileyo. Ukongezelela, ngokulungelelanisa ukushisa okuguga kunye nexesha, iimpawu zomatshini ze-aluminium ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa ngokuguquguqukayo ukuze ufumane ibhalansi engcono kakhulu phakathi kwamandla, ukuqina, i-ductility, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zokuqinisa, ukuqina kweminyaka kubiza imali eninzi kwaye ifanelekile kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso emikhulu.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zobushushu beAluminiyam Unyango

Ukuhlaziya

I-Anealing yenye yezona nkqubo zisisiseko kunyango lwe-aluminium yokushisa, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuphelisa ukuqina komsebenzi okwenzeka ngexesha elibandayo lokusebenza, ukukhwabanisa, kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Inkqubo iquka ukufudumeza i-aluminium kwiqondo lokushisa kwe-570 ° F ukuya kwi-770 ° F, ibambe imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ze-3 ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu beprofayili kunye nokwakheka kwe-alloy, kwaye emva koko ipholile ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwiqondo lokushisa.
Le nkqubo ibuyisela i-slip surfaces ngaphakathi kwe-aluminiyam, ikhupha uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluqokelelweyo, kwaye iphinda izinzise isakhiwo sengqolowa. I-ductility ye-aluminium annealed yanda kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukwenza ukugoba okulandelayo, ukunyathela, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokwenza, kunye nokulungisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-warpage okwenzeka ngexesha lokuphosa kunye nokuthintela ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Zombini ii-alloys eziphathwa ngobushushu kunye nezinganyangekiyo zinokukhutshwa ukuze kuphuculwe ukuqhubekeka.

Isisombululo UbushushuTunyangoPirowusi

Solution unyango lobushushu linyathelo elibalulekileyo phambi kokuqina kobudala, kwaye injongo yalo engundoqo kukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo izakhi zomxube kwi-aluminiyam ukwenza isisombululo esiluqilima sesigaba esinye esilinganayo. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukufudumeza i-aluminium ukuya kwi-825 ° F-1050 ° F (kancinci ngaphantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika kwe-alloy), kunye nexesha lokubamba elihlengahlengisiweyo ngokobungakanani benxalenye, ukusuka malunga nemizuzu eyi-10 kwiindawo ezincinci ukuya kwiiyure ze-12 kwiindawo ezinkulu.
Emva kokufudumeza, i-aluminium iyacinywa ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo emanzini okanye kwisisombululo se-polymer. Ukucima kwamanzi kuyakhawuleza kwaye kuthintele imvula yokuqala yezinto ezixutywayo ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu elinokwenzeka, ukuqinisekisa isisombululo esiqinileyo se-supersaturated;ngelixa i-polymer quenching ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiimilo eziyinkimbinkimbi okanye iiprofayili ezinodonga oluncinci, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olwenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kunye nokuguqulwa. Emva konyango lwesisombululo esiluqilima, i-aluminiyam ikwimeko ethambileyo, eququzelela umatshini olandelayo kwaye uyilungiselele ukuqina kobudala bokugqibela.

Homogenizing

I-Homogenizing isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuphosa iiprofayili ze-aluminium ukusombulula ingxaki yokwahlula okuhlanganisiweyo okwenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphosa. Ngexesha lokupholisa ukupholisa, umaleko wangaphandle we-aluminium uqina kuqala ukwenza iinkozo ezicocekileyo ze-aluminium, ngelixa i-alloying elements eneendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika ziya kubuthana embindini, okubangela ukungalingani kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kweprofayili kwaye kuchaphazela ukusetyenzwa kunye nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
Unyango lwe-homogenization lwenziwa ngokufudumeza i-aluminium ephosiweyo kwi-900 ° F-1000 ° F, ibambe ixesha elithile ukuze ivumele izinto ezixubileyo ukuba zisasazeke ngokupheleleyo kwaye zifezekise ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwamacandelo, kwaye ngokucothayo ukupholisa ukulungisa le meko. Emva kokonyango, iipropati ezipheleleyo zomatshini we-aluminium ephosiweyo zivame ukuhambelana, okwenza kube nzima ukucubungula, kunye nokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukungaphumeleli kokubunjwa okanye ukusilela kwesakhiwo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ngenxa yokungafani kokwakheka kwendawo.

Ukuguga

Unyango lokuguga likhonkco elingundoqo lokuqina kwe-aluminiyam, yahlulahlulwe ukuguga kwendalo kunye nokwaluphala okwenziwe ngeendlela ezimbini, undoqo kukuvumela isisombululo esiqinileyo se-supersaturated emva kwesisombululo esiluqilima sonyango lwemvula yamasuntswana esigaba semvula efanayo.
Ukuguga kwendalo akufuni ukufudumeza okongeziweyo, i-aluminium ecinyiweyo ingafakwa kwindawo yokushisa kwegumbi, ininzi yempembelelo yokuqina igqitywe kwiiyure ezingama-24, ukuzinza ngokupheleleyo kunokuphucula kakhulu amandla kunye nobunzima. Le ndlela ifanelekile kwiimeko ezingafuneki umjikelo ophezulu wemveliso kunye neemfuno zokusebenza ezithambileyo, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo yokubumba kufuneka iqhutywe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba inkqubo yokuguga igqityiwe ukuphepha ubunzima obugqithisileyo obuchaphazela umsebenzi.
Ukuguga okwenziweyo (okukwabizwa ngokuba kukuqiniswa kwemvula) kukhawulezisa isithuba semvula ngokufudumeza okusebenzayo, ukufudumeza i-aluminiyam ukuya kuma-240°F-460°F, ibambe iiyure ezi-6-24, emva koko iphole. Le ndlela iphumelele ngakumbi kwaye ichanekile ekulawuleni iipropati, ivumela i-aluminium ukuba ifezekise amanqanaba anamandla aphezulu kwizicelo eziphezulu apho ubunzima bubaluleke kakhulu. Iiparamitha zokuguga ezenziweyo ziyahlukakakhulu ukusuka kwi-alloy ukuya kwi-alloy kwaye ifuna ubushushu obungqongqo kunye neeprofayili zexesha ezisekelwe kwizinto ezithile.

Ukuqonda ukutyunjwa kobushushu be-aluminium kunye neentlobo eziqhelekileyo

I-Aluminium extrusions inekhowudi yesimo se-hyphenated efakwe kwinombolo ye-alloy yesiseko, umzekelo, "-T73" kwi-7075-T73 yikhowudi yesimo. I-alloys ye-aluminiyam ineemeko ezine ezisisiseko, -F (enomatshini), -O (i-annealed), -H (i-strain-hardened), kunye -T (iphathwe ubushushu). Igama lesihlanu, - W, lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza imeko yokucima emva konyango lobushushu besisombululo naphambi kokuguga okwenziweyo okanye ubushushu begumbi ukuguga. Ezi zilandelayo ziinkcazelo ezithile zodidi ngalunye lwemeko:
H111: Isebenza kwiimveliso ezinobunzima bokuqina ngaphantsi kweemfuno zeimeko ye-H11 elawulwayo.
I-H112: Isebenza kwiimveliso eziye zafumana ngokwemvelo imeko ethile ngexesha lokubumba (akukho lawulo olukhethekileyo lokuqina koxinzelelo okanye unyango olushushu), kodwa luchaze imida yepropati yomatshini.
Ezi khowudi zemeko ze-H zilandelayo zisetyenziselwa kuphela i-alloys ye-aluminiyam ekhubazekileyo kunye nomxholo we-magnesium ongaphezulu kwe-4%:
I-H311: Kwiimveliso ezinobunzima bokuqina ngaphantsi kweemfuno zemeko elawulwayo ye-H31.
T1: Umdala ngokwendalo ukuya kwisimo esizinzileyo emva kokupholisa ngenkqubo yokwenza ubushushu obuphezulu.
I-T2: Imeko e-Annealed (isebenza kwiimveliso eziphosiweyo kuphela).
TI-3: Ukusebenza okubandayo emva kokulungiswa kokushisa kwesisombululo, okusebenzayo kwiimveliso apho amandla aphuculwa ngokusebenza okubandayo, okanye apho indima yokubanda esebenzayo kwinkqubo yokulinganisa kunye nokulungelelanisa ifakwe ekuqwalaselweni kwemida yepropati yomatshini.
T4: isisombululo esiluqilima unyango ubushushu emva kokwaluphala ngokwendalo ukuba urhulumente ngokusisiseko uzinzile, esebenzayo kwisisombululo esiluqilima unyango ubushushu ngaphandle abandayo ukusebenza, okanye ebandayo ukusebenza kwinkqubo yokulinganisa, ukulungisa, indima yokusebenza ebandayo ayiqukwanga kwiipropati mechanical umda ixabiso lokuqwalaselwa kwemveliso.
T5: Emva kokupholisa ngenkqubo yokubumba ubushushu obuphezulu, unyango lokuguga olwenziwayo.
T6: Isisombululo sobushushu sonyango olulandelwa ukuguga okwenziweyo, imida yepropathi yomatshini ayichatshazelwa ngumsebenzi obandayo, uninzi lwe-alloys kwi-W kunye ne-T4 karhulumente inokufikelela - i-T6 karhulumente emva kokuguga okwenziweyo.
I-T7: Ukulungiswa kokushisa kwesisombululo kulandelwa ukuzinziswa, ezifanelekileyo kwiimveliso eziye zazinziswa ngaphaya kwendawo yamandla amakhulu ukufikelela ekulawuleni ukukhula kwe-dimensional kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo oluseleyo.
I-T8: Isisombululo esiluqilima sonyango olushushu olulandelwa ngumsebenzi obandayo kwaye emva koko ukuguga okwenziweyo, kwiimveliso apho amandla anyuswe ngokusebenza okubandayo okanye apho indima yokusebenza okubandayo kwinkqubo yokulinganisa kunye nokulungelelanisa ithathelwe ingqalelo ekuqwalaselweni kwemida yepropati yomatshini.

Izinto Ezichaphazela Ubulukhuni beAluminiyam

Ukwahlula isiqulatho seNqanaba

Izinto ze-alloying ziyizinto ezisisiseko ezimisela ubulukhuni beeprofayili ze-aluminium, kwaye umlinganiselo wezinto ezahlukeneyo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umphumo wokuqina. Ngokomzekelo, i-7075 i-aluminium alloy iqulethe i-5.1% -6.1% ye-zinc, i-1.2% -2.0% yobhedu kunye ne-2.1% -2.9% ye-magnesium, ukuqina kuphezulu kakhulu kunoko kwe-6061 i-aluminium alloy, ngelixa i-6061 i-aluminium alloy ene-magnesium (1.5% -0%) kunye ne-silicon engundoqo (% 0%). izinto ze-alloying, ubulukhuni buphantsi, kodwa kunye ne-weldability engcono kunye nokuqhubekeka.
I-Zinc, ubhedu kunye ne-magnesium zizinto ezingundoqo zokuphucula ubulukhuni be-aluminium, kwaye umxholo wabo kufuneka ulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokweemfuno zesicelo: umxholo ophezulu wezinto ezixutywayo ufanelekile ukuphishekela amandla okugqibela ale meko, ngelixa umlinganiselo olungeleleneyo unokuthathela ingqalelo zombini amandla kunye nokusebenza kokucubungula, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeshishini jikelele.

UbushushuTunyangoPiiameters

Inkqubo yonyango lobushushu yindlela engundoqo yokulawula ubulukhuni beeprofayili ze-aluminium, kwaye ukuphambuka kwepharamitha nganye kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubunzima bokugqibela.
Iqondo lokushisa kunye nexesha lokubamba unyango oluluqilima kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba izinto ezixutywayo zichithwa ngokupheleleyo, ubushushu obunganeleyo okanye ixesha lokubamba lifutshane kakhulu liya kubangela ukuchithwa okunganeleyo, umphumo wokuqina olandelayo wokuguga uyancipha kakhulu; isantya ukucima umisela uzinzo supersaturated isisombululo esiluqilima, ukupholisa kancinane kuya kwenza izinto ingxubevange precipitated kwangaphambili, ukunciphisa amandla lukhuni.
Ukuguga okwenziwa kwiqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu okanye lide kakhulu kuya kunciphisa ubunzima; ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu okanye ixesha akonelanga ubulukhuni abukho kumgangatho. Iqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma kwemekobume yokuguga kwendalo kuya kuchaphazela izinga lokuqina kunye nobunzima bokugqibela, kunye ne-storg.imo engqongileyo kufuneka ilawulwe.

Imveliso kunye nelizwe eligqityiweyo

Inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nemeko yokugqibela ye-aluminium ichaphazela ubunzima. I-Aluminiyam eveliswa ngokucinezela okushushu okanye ukuphosa ngokuqhelekileyo iphantsi kobunzima; i-aluminiyam esebenzayo ebandayo inzima ngokuqiniswa komsebenzi.
Ubume bomgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo ichaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo lobunzima, umz. umaleko oxidized, imikrwelo, kunye neoyile kunokubangela ukugqwethwa kovavanyo, ngelixa umphezulu ogudileyo ubonakalisa ngakumbi ukuqina kokwenyani. Ulandelelwano lomatshini olandelayo nalo lubalulekile. Ukucwangciswa okubanzi emva kokuqina kweminyaka kunokubangela ukulahleka kobunzima ngenxa yokukhululwa koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo Xa uQinisa iAluminiyam

Deformation kunye Ukuqina Cracking Iingxaki

Ukuqina kweeprofayili ze-aluminium kudla ngokubangela ukugqwetheka kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxaukupholisa okungalinganiyo kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Iikona zangaphakathi ezibukhali, ukuhluka kwecandelo elinqamlezayo, iindonga ezincinci kunye neemilo ze-asymmetric zixhomekeke ekugxininiseni uxinzelelo kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokucima ukuqhekeka.
Inokusombululwa kuyilo kunye nemiba yenkqubo. Uyilo kufuneka lube neekona ezijikelezileyo ukuphepha iikona ezibukhali kunye noshintsho olubukhali; inkqubo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweprofayili yokucima medium, iindawo ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezibhityileyo ezinodonga zingakhethwa isisombululo sepolymer kunamanzi acocekileyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kweejigs kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ukubekwa kunye nesalathiso sokupholisa kunokunciphisa i-deformation.

AyonelangaHukuba buthathaka (ubudala obungaphantsi) kunyeOukugugaPiingxaki

Ukuqina ngaphantsi kubangelwa ukuguga okungaphantsi, okunokuthi kubangele ukushisa okuphantsi kakhulu, ukungonelanga kwexesha lokubamba, okanye unyango olungonelanga lwesisombululo, okukhokelela kwizinto ezimbalwa ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo. Ukongezelela, ukuba ukucima kushiywe ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuguga kokufakelwa, ukuguga kwendalo kuya kwenzeka ngaphambili, kunciphisa umphumo wokuqiniswa, okunokuthi kubangele ubunzima obuphantsi.
Ukuguga ngokugqithiseleyo kubangelwa ubushushu obuphezulu okanye ixesha elide kakhulu, okubangela ukuba iinqununu zesigaba esincitshisiweyo zikhule, ukunyuka kwezithuba, umphumo wokuqinisa ubuthathaka, ukwenzela ukuba ubunzima bezinto ze-aluminium buyancipha, ukuqina kuphakama. Isitshixo sokumisela ukuguga ngaphantsi okanye ukuguga kwi-hardness consistency: yonke ibhetshi yobunzima obuphantsi yingxaki yeparameter, ukungalingani kwendawo kukusabalalisa okungafaniyo kobushushu bomlilo okanye iinxalenye ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu.
Ukuphepha iingxaki ezinjalo kufuneka ulungelelanise ngokungqongqo izixhobo unyango ubushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lobushushu ukuchaneka ngaphakathi kuluhlu ± 5-10 ° C; ngokwebakala le-alloy kunye nobukhulu bamacandelo ukuphuhlisa ijika elichanekileyo lokuguga, ukuphepha ukulungelelanisa ngokungaboniyo iiparitha; iindawo ezicinyiweyo kufuneka zidluliselwe kwinkqubo yokuguga yokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo akufanele kube ngaphezu kweeyure ze-4, ukuthintela ukuguga kwendalo.

Izilumkiso zeSecondaryHyityaTunyango

Xa umphumo wokuqina we-aluminium ungekho kumgangatho, kwezinye iimeko unokulungiswa ngonyango lwesibini lobushushu, kodwa kufuneka ulandele iinkcukacha eziqinileyo. Unyango lobushushu lwesibini ludla ngokufuna ukusonjululwa kwakhona konyango kunye nokwaluphala, kodwa ukuba i-aluminiyam idlule kunyango oluninzi lobushushu, inokukhokelela kubungakanani bengqolowa oburhabaxa, obuchaphazela ukusebenza ngokubanzi.
Ubushushu besisombululo esiluqilima sesibini kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kancinane kunexesha lokuqala, ukunqanda ukufudumeza okukhokelela ekukhuleni okuziinkozo okanye ukunyibilika komda weenkozo; ukucima kufuneka uhlawule ngakumbi ukupholisa ukufana, ngenxa yokuba ukuqina kokuqala koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye kulula ukuqhekeka kwesibini. Emva konyango lwesibini lobushushu, ubunzima kunye nokusebenza kufuneka kuphinde kuhlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno.

UVavanya njani ubulukhuni beAluminiyam

Uvavanyo lwe-Rockwell Hardness

Uvavanyo lobulukhuni be-Rockwell kulula ukusebenza kwaye lusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuvavanyo lobulukhuni be-aluminium, lulungele ulawulo lomgangatho webhetshi. Ubunzima buchongwa ngobunzulu be-indentation ye-indenter phantsi komthwalo, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima libalwa ngokubala ukuhlukana kobunzulu emva kokulayishwa kwangaphambili kunye nomthwalo oyintloko.
Uvavanyo lobulukhuni beprofayili ye-aluminium ubukhulu becala yamkela isikali se-HRB, sisebenzisa umthwalo we-100kgf kunye ne-indenter yebhola yentsimbi, ilungele ubulukhuni obuphantsi be-aluminium; ubulukhuni obuphezulu bealuminiyam eyomeleziweyo bunokukhetha esinye isikali seRockwell. Le ndlela ikhawuleza, ifunda ngokuthe ngqo, i-indentation encinci, kunye nomonakalo omncinci kwiprofayili.

BrinellHukuba bukhaliTest

Uvavanyo lobulukhuni lweBrinell lwamkela ibhola enkulu yentsimbi enobubanzi kunye nomthwalo omkhulu, olungele ukukhangela iinkozo ezirhabaxa zokuphosa iiprofayili zealuminium okanye iindawo ezinkulu ze-aluminiyam. Yenza i-indentation enkulu kumphezulu, i-avareji ngaphandle kokungafani kokwakheka kwezinto kunye nobukhulu beenkozo, kwaye ifumana ixabiso elimele ubulukhuni. Uvavanyo ludinga ukulinganisa ububanzi be-indentation kunye nokubala ixabiso le-HB, elinokuthi ligweme ukugwetywa ngokungafanelekanga kwendawo enzima kunye neendawo ezithambileyo kwaye ibonise ubunzima obupheleleyo, kodwa ukunyanzeliswa kukhulu kwaye akufanelekile kwimveliso egqitywe ngokuchanekileyo.

VickersHukuba bukhaliTest

Uvavanyo lobulukhuni beVickers lusebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye lunokulinganisa ubulukhuni obahlukeneyo beeprofayile zealuminiyam. Isebenzisa i-diagonal tetragonal indenter, isebenzisa umthwalo oguquguqukayo, kwaye ibala ubulukhuni ngokwediagonal ye-indentation. Uluhlu olubanzi lomthwalo, uvavanyo lwe-microscopic kunye ne-macroscopic, olukwazi ukulinganisa iingubo, iindawo ezincinci kunye nobunzima obupheleleyo, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, okufanelekileyo kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nezinye iimeko ezinzima, kodwa zifuna abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ukuba basebenze kwaye bahlalutye.

Uvavanyo loBulukhuni beKnoop

Uvavanyo lobulukhuni be-Knoop lisebenzisa i-indenter emile okwedayimani ukwenza i-indenter ebhityileyo, kwaye ibala ubulukhuni ngokulinganisa idiagonal ende. Umthwalo wayo we-10-1000 gf ulungele ukuvavanya izixhobo ezinqabileyo, i-aluminium encinci, iingubo kunye neendawo ezikufutshane.
I-indentation engekho nzulu, ende ithintela ukukrazuka komzekelo kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi i-aluminiyam ebhityileyo okanye ephathwe phezulu. Kwi-aluminium ye-anisotropic, ukulungelelanisa ulwalathiso lovavanyo kubonisa ukungafani kobunzima kwaye kubonelela ngedatha yokusebenza ebanzi.

Uvavanyo lwe-Richter Hardness

Uvavanyo lobulukhuni be-Richter yindlela ephathwayo, yokuhlola kwindawo evavanya ubulukhuni be-aluminiyam ngokuchaphazela ibhola ye-tungsten ye-carbide kumphezulu kunyeukulinganisa ireyithi yokubuyela kwakhona, kunye namazinga aphezulu okubuyela kwakhona akhokelela kubunzima obukhulu.
Uvavanyo lobulukhuni beRichter luyaguquguquka, luyakhawuleza, kwaye alukhawulelwanga yimizekelo, luyenza ifaneleke ukwenza iisampulu zezixhobo zokusebenza ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchaneka kuphantsi kwaye kuthinteka kwiimeko ezingaphezulu, ngoko ke ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokuqala, ngelixa iindawo ezibalulekileyo zisafuneka zidibaniswe nezinye iindlela ezichanekileyo.

UnxwemeHukuba bukhaliTest

Uvavanyo lobulukhuni baselunxwemeni lusetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvavanya i-elastomers kunye neeplastiki ezithambileyo, kwaye aluqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa kuvavanyo lweprofayile ye-aluminium, kodwa inokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ubulukhuni bomphezulu bezinto ezithambileyo.aluminiyami-alloys okanye i-aluminium matrix composites. Umgaqo-siseko kukulinganisa ubunzulu be-indent ngokusebenzisa i-indenter elayishwe entwasahlobo, kunye nezikali ezahlukeneyo ezihambelana nemigangatho yobunzima obuhlukeneyo, umz. Unxweme A lwerabha ezithambileyo kunye noShore D lweeplastiki eziqinileyo.
Kuvavanyo lwe-aluminium, uvavanyo lobulukhuni be-Shore lusebenza kuphela kwiimeko ezithile. Ukuba ufuna ukuvavanya ubulukhuni beengubo ezithambileyo kumphezulu we-aluminiyam okanye uvavanyo lweeprofayili ezicocekileyo ze-aluminium ezinobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo ekukhetheni isikali esifanelekileyo ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka kweziphumo zovavanyo.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqina kweeprofayili ze-aluminium kufuna ukulingana phakathi kweeparitha zenkqubo, iipropati ze-alloy kunye nemigangatho yokuvavanya ukuphepha iingcamango eziphosakeleyo eziqhelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi yonyango lokushisa kunye neendlela zokuvavanya kunokwandisa ukusebenza kwe-aluminium kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zemimandla emininzi.

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