Indlela Yokuqinisa I-Aluminium

Usuku:2026-05-09

Buka: 763 Khomba

Ukuqina kwe-aluminium kuwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuthuthukisa ukubaluleka kwezicelo zayo zezimboni, okuhlanganisa isimiso, inqubo, ukuhlola nezinye izici eziyinhloko. Lesi sihloko sigxile kumnyombo wokuqina kweminyaka, sihlukanisa amaphuzu abalulekile okusebenza okusebenzayo, futhi sisiza ukuqonda ngokunembile amakhono okuqinisa amaphrofayili e-aluminium.

Kusho Ukuthini “Ukuqiniswa kwe-Aluminium”?

Ukuqina kwe-aluminiyamu, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukuqina kweminyaka noma ukuqina kwezulu, kuyinqubo eyinhloko yokuthuthukisa amandla nobulukhuni be-aluminium nama-alloys e-aluminium ngokwelashwa kokushisa.
Isimiso esiyinhloko siwukuthi i-aluminium ishiselwa ezingeni lokushisa elithile ukuze izakhi ze-alloying zihlakazwe ngokugcwele bese zipholiswa ngokushesha ukuze zakhe isixazululo esiqinile esine-supersaturated. Lesi sakhiwo se-microstructure esingazinzile siholela ekwehleni kancane kwezinhlayiya zesigaba se-precipitated, ezivimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukunyakaza kokukhipha ngaphakathi kwensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini yephrofayili ngaphandle kokushintsha ukuma kwayo.
Le nqubo isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yesimanje, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezidinga ukulingana phakathi kwamandla nokukhanya. Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela zokuqina, ukuqina kweminyaka kungalawula ngokunembile izakhiwo ze-aluminium futhi kunokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-dimensional phakathi nenqubo, okwenza kube ukusekelwa okubalulekile kobuchwepheshe be-aerospace, izimoto kanye nezinye izinkambu eziphezulu.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Ze-Aluminium Eqinisa Ubudala

Ukuqina kweminyaka kuletha inani elithile lokugxuma kokusebenza kumaphrofayili e-aluminium, okuwanika izinzuzo ezingenakubuyiseleka ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Okokuqala, i-amandla nobulukhuniamaphrofayili e-aluminium athuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngomphumela wokuqiniswa kwezinhlayiya zesigaba esinciphile, amandla aqinile nobulukhuni bephrofayili ye-aluminium bungafinyelela izikhathi eziningana kunesimo esingalashwanga, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuminyana okuphansi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqaphela isidingo esiyinhloko "sokukhanya nokunamandla".
Ukwakheka okusanhlamvu okwenziwe ngcono kungenye into egqamisayo, ukulawulwa okuqinile kwemingcele yenqubo kungakha ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwesigaba esihle kakhulu, ukuzeizakhiwo zemishini ye-aluminium zizinzile, ukugwema ukwehluleka okubangelwa amaphuzu abuthakathaka wendawo. Ngokwemibandela yeukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, ubulukhuni be-aluminium obuqinile buqiniswa ukuze bumelane kangcono nokulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana, futhi amanye ama-alloy aphathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala, okulungele ikakhulukazi izindawo ezinokhahlo njengasolwandle nangaphandle.
Ukuzinza kwe-Dimensional futhi kuyinzuzo evelele yokuqina kweminyaka, ukuguqulwa kwenqubo yokushisa kuncane kakhulu, kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba kobukhulu bezingxenye zokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa lokuguga nesikhathi, izakhiwo zemishini ye-aluminium zingenziwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo ukuze kutholwe ibhalansi engcono kakhulu phakathi kwamandla, ukuqina, i-ductility, futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zokuqinisa, ukuqina kweminyaka kubiza kakhulu futhi kulungele ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezinkulu.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokushisa kwe-Aluminium Ukwelashwa

Anealing

I-Annealing ingenye yezinqubo eziyisisekelo kakhulu ekwelapheni ukushisa kwe-aluminium, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukuqina komsebenzi okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okubandayo, ukukhanga, nezinye izinqubo. Inqubo ihlanganisa ukushisisa i-aluminium ebangeni lokushisa elingu-570°F kuya ku-770°F, ibambe imizuzu engu-30 ukuya emahoreni angu-3 kuye ngosayizi wephrofayela nokwakheka kwengxubevange, bese ipholisa kancane izinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi.
Le nqubo ibuyisela izindawo ezishelelayo ngaphakathi kwe-aluminium, ikhulula izingcindezi zangaphakathi ezinqwabelene, futhi izinze kabusha ukwakheka kokusanhlamvu. I-ductility ye-aluminium annealed yanda kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukwenza okulandelayo ukugoba, ukugxiviza, nezinye izinqubo zokubumba, kanye nokulungisa ukuhlanekezela kwe-warpage okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusakazwa nokuvimbela ukuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Kokubili ama-alloys akwazi ukumelana nokushisa kanye nalawo angashisi angancishiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenzwa.

Ukushisa KwesixazululoTukwelashwaPi-rocess

SUkwelashwa kokushisa kwe-lution kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ngaphambi kokuqina kweminyaka, futhi injongo yakhona eyinhloko ukuncibilikisa ngokuphelele izakhi ze-alloying ku-aluminium ukuze kwakheke isisombululo esiqinile sesigaba esisodwa esisodwa. Inqubo ihilela ukushisisa i-aluminium ibe ngu-825 ° F-1050 ° F (kancane ngaphansi kwendawo encibilikayo ye-alloy), kanye nesikhathi sokubamba esilungiswa ngokuhambisana nobukhulu bengxenye, kusukela kumaminithi angu-10 ezingxenyeni ezincane kuya emahoreni angu-12 ezingxenyeni ezinkulu.
Ngemuva kokushisa, i-aluminium icinywa ngokushesha, ngokuvamile emanzini noma isixazululo se-polymer. Ukucisha amanzi kuyashesha futhi kuvimbela ukuna kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezakhi zengxubevange ngezinga elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, kuqinisekisa isixazululo esiqinile esine-supersaturated;kuyilapho i-polymer quenching ifaneleka kakhulu izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma amaphrofayili anezindonga ezincane, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okukhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokupholisa kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka nokuguqulwa. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwesixazululo esiqinile, i-aluminium isesimweni esithambile, esiza ukusetshenzwa okulandelayo futhi ilungiselele ukuqina kokugcina kweminyaka.

I-Homogenizing

I-Homogenizing isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukusakaza amaphrofayili e-aluminium ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokuhlukaniswa okuhlanganisiwe okwenzeka phakathi nenqubo yokuphonsa. Ngesikhathi sokupholisa kokupholisa, ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-aluminium luqina kuqala ukuze lwenza okusanhlamvu okuhlanzekile kwe-aluminium, kuyilapho izakhi ze-alloying ezinamaphoyinti ancibilikayo aphezulu zizobuthana phakathi nendawo, okuholela ekungalingani kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwephrofayili futhi kuthinte ukucubungula nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-homogenization kwenziwa ngokushisisa i-aluminium ekhonjiwe ibe ngu-900°F-1000°F, ukuyibamba isikhathi esithile ukuze kuvunyelwe izakhi zengxubevange ukuthi zisakazeke ngokugcwele futhi kuzuzwe ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezingxenye, bese kuyipholisa kancane ukuze kulungiswe lesi simo. Ngemva kokwelashwa, izakhi zomshini eziphelele ze-aluminium ekhonjiwe zivame ukungaguquguquki, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukucubungula, futhi kuvimbele ngempumelelo ukwehluleka kokubumba noma ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo phakathi nokusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuhluka kwendawo yokuqamba.

Ukuguga

Ukwelashwa kokuguga kuyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko sokuqina kwe-aluminium, ihlukaniswe ukuguga kwemvelo nokuguga okwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili, ingqikithi iwukuvumela isisombululo esiqinile esine-supersaturated ngemva kwesixazululo esiqinile sokwelashwa kwemvula yezinhlayiya zesigaba sokuwa kwezulu okufanayo.
Ukuguga kwemvelo akudingi ukushisa okwengeziwe, i-aluminium ecishiwe ingafakwa endaweni yokushisa yegumbi, umphumela omkhulu wokuqina uqedwa phakathi namahora angu-24, ukuzinza ngokugcwele kungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla nobulukhuni. Le ndlela ifanele izimo ezingadingi umjikelezo ophezulu wokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zokusebenza eziphansi, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubo yokubumba kufanele yenziwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuqedwa kokuguga ukuze kugwenywe ubunzima obuningi obuthinta ukusebenza.
Ukuguga okwenziwayo (okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukuqina kwemvula) kusheshisa imvula yesigaba sokuwa ngokushisa okusebenzayo, ukushisisa i-aluminium ibe ngu-240°F-460°F, ibambe amahora angu-6-24, bese iyapholisa. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu futhi inembe ekulawuleni izakhiwo, ivumela i-aluminium ukuthi ifinyelele amazinga aphezulu wamandla wezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu lapho ubulukhuni bubalulekile. Imingcele yokuguga yokwenziwa iyahlukahlukakakhulu ukusuka ku-alloy kuya ku-alloy futhi kudinga izinga lokushisa eliqinile kanye namaphrofayili wesikhathi asuselwa kundaba ethile.

Ukuqonda Ukuqokwa Kwe-Aluminium Temper Nezinhlobo Ezivamile

I-Aluminium extrusions inekhodi yesimo ehlanganisiwe enamathiselwe inombolo ye-alloy eyisisekelo, isb., "-T73" ku-7075-T73 ikhodi yesimo. Ingxubevange ye-aluminium inezimo ezine eziyisisekelo, -F (enomshini), -O (i-annealed), -H (iqiniswe kanzima), kanye -T (iphathwe ukushisa). Igama lesihlanu, - W, lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza isimo sokucisha ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kwesixazululo nangaphambi kokuguga okwenziwayo noma ukuguga kwezinga lokushisa legumbi. Okulandelayo izincazelo ezithile zohlobo ngalunye lwesimo:
I-H111: Isebenza emikhiqizweni enokuqina ngaphansi kwezimfuneko ze-isimo se-H11 esilawulwayo.
I-H112: Isebenza emikhiqizweni ethole isimo esithile ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi sokubunjwa (akukho ukulawulwa okukhethekile kokuqina kobunzima noma ukwelashwa kokushisa), kodwa enemikhawulo yempahla yemishini echazwe.
Amakhodi esimo sochungechunge lwe-H alandelayo asetshenziswa ngokukhethekile kumaalloyi e-aluminium akhubazekile anokuqukethwe okuzisholo kwe-magnesium okungaphezu kuka-4%:
I-H311: Ngemikhiqizo enobunzima obuqinile ngaphansi kwezimfuneko zesimo esilawulwayo se-H31.
I-T1: Iguga ngokwemvelo ukuze ibe sesimweni esizinzile ngemva kokupholisa ngenqubo yokwakheka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
I-T2: Isimo esifakiwe (sisebenza emikhiqizweni yokusakaza kuphela).
T3: Ukusebenza okubandayo ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kwesisombululo, okusebenzayo emikhiqizweni lapho amandla eqiniswa ukusebenza okubandayo, noma lapho indima yokusebenza okubandayo enqubweni yokulinganisa nokuqondisa ifakiwe ekucatshangelweni kwemingcele yempahla ewumshini.
I-T4: Isixazululo esiqinile sokwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokuguga kwemvelo kuya esimweni esizinzile, esisebenza ekuphathweni kokushisa kwesisombululo esiqinile ngaphandle kokusebenza okubandayo, noma ukusebenza okubandayo ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, ukuqondisa, indima yokusebenza okubandayo ayifakiwe kumanani omkhawulo wezakhiwo zemishini yokucatshangelwa komkhiqizo.
T5: Ngemva kokupholisa ngenqubo yokubumba izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukwelashwa kokuguga okwenziwa.
I-T6: Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwesixazululo okulandelwa ukuguga okwenziwa, imingcele yempahla yemishini ayithinteki ekusebenzeni okubandayo, ama-alloys amaningi ku-W state kanye - T4 state angafinyelela - isimo se-T6 ngemva kokuguga okwenziwa.
I-T7: Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwesixazululo okulandelwa ukuzinza, okulungele imikhiqizo esinziswe ngaphezu kwephuzu lamandla amakhulu ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawulwa kokukhula kobukhulu nokulawulwa kwengcindezi eyinsalela.
I-T8: Ukwelashwa kokushisa okuyisixazululo esiqinile okulandelwa ukusebenza okubandayo bese kuba ukuguga kokwenziwa, emikhiqizweni lapho amandla anyuswe ukusebenza okubandayo noma lapho indima yokusebenza okubandayo enqubweni yokulinganisa nokuqondisa iye yacatshangelwa lapho kucatshangelwa imingcele yempahla yemishini.

Izinto Ezithinta Ukuqina Kwe-Aluminium

I-alloying Element Content

Izakhi ze-alloying yizici eziyisisekelo ezinquma ubulukhuni bamaphrofayili e-aluminium, futhi isilinganiso sezinto ezihlukene sithinta ngokuqondile umphumela wokuqina. Ngokwesibonelo, 7075 aluminium ingxubevange iqukethe 5.1% -6.1% zinc, 1.2% -2.0% yethusi kanye 2.1% -2.9% magnesium, ukuqina kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho 6061 aluminium ingxubevange, kuyilapho 6061 aluminium ingxubevange ene-magnesium (1.0% -0%) kanye ne-silicon % 1%. izakhi ingxubevange, ubulukhuni kuqhathaniswa aphansi, kodwa nge weldability kangcono futhi processability.
I-Zinc, ithusi ne-magnesium yizici ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ubulukhuni be-aluminium, futhi okuqukethwe kwakho kudinga ukulawulwa ngokunembile ngokuvumelana nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza: okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi ze-alloying kulungele ukuphishekela amandla okugcina esimo, kuyilapho isilinganiso esilinganiselwe singacabangela kokubili amandla nokusebenza kokucubungula, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomkhakha jikelele.

UkushisaTukwelashwaPama-aramu

Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa iyindlela eyinhloko yokulawula ubulukhuni bamaphrofayili e-aluminium, futhi ukuchezuka kwepharamitha ngayinye kuzothinta ngqo ubulukhuni bokugcina.
Izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi sokubamba sokwelashwa kwesisombululo esiqinile sidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhi ze-alloying zihlakazwa ngokuphelele, izinga lokushisa elinganele noma isikhathi sokubamba sifushane kakhulu kuzoholela ekuhlakazweni okunganele, umphumela wokuqina olandelayo wokuguga uyancipha kakhulu; isivinini sokucisha sinquma ukuzinza kwesisombululo esiqinile esine-supersaturated, ukupholisa kancane kuzokwenza izakhi ze-alloying zenzeke kusengaphambili, kunciphisa amandla okuqina.
Ukuguga okwenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu noma kude kakhulu kuzonciphisa ubulukhuni; izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu noma isikhathi asanele ubulukhuni abukho sezingeni. Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wendawo yemvelo yokuguga kuzophinde kuthinte izinga lokuqina nobulukhuni bokugcina, kanye ne-storg.imvelo idinga ukulawulwa.

Ukukhiqiza kanye nesimo esiphelile

Inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nesimo sokugcina se-aluminium sithinta ubulukhuni. I-aluminium ekhiqizwa ngokucindezela okushisayo noma ukuphonsa ngokuvamile iphansi ngobulukhuni; I-aluminium esebenza ngokubandayo inzima ngokuqiniswa komsebenzi.
Isimo esingaphezulu somkhiqizo oqediwe sithinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuqina, isb. izendlalelo ezine-oxidized, imihuzuko, namafutha kungabangela ukuhlanekezela kokuhlolwa, kuyilapho indawo ebushelelezi ibonakalisa ubulukhuni bangempela. Ukulandelana komshini olandelayo nakho kubalulekile. Ukucutshungulwa okubanzi ngemva kokuqina kweminyaka kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa ubulukhuni ngenxa yokukhululwa kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.

Amaphutha Avamile Lapho Uqinisa I-Aluminium

I-Deformation kanye ne-Hardening Cracking Izinkinga

Ukuqina kwamaphrofayili e-aluminium ngokuvamile kubangela ukuhlanekezela nokuqhekeka ngenxaukupholisa okungalingani kanye nezingcindezi zangaphakathi. Amakhona angaphakathi acijile, ukuhluka kogqinsi kwesigaba esiphambanayo, izindonga ezincane nezimo ezilinganayo zijwayele ukugxila ekucindezelekeni futhi andise ingozi yokucisha ukuqhekeka.
Ingaxazululwa kusukela ekuklanyeni nasezici zenqubo. Umklamo kufanele ube ngamakhona ayindilinga ukuze ugweme amakhona abukhali kanye nezinguquko ezibukhali zokuqina; inqubo idinga ukukhethwa ngokusho iphrofayili quenching medium, izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi noma mncane-walled zingakhethwa isixazululo polymer esikhundleni amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-jigs kanye nezakhiwo zokulawula ukubekwa kanye nokupholisa isiqondiso kunganciphisa deformation.

AkwaneleHardness (ubudala obungaphansi) kanyeOukugugaPizinkinga

Ukuqina kancane kubangelwa ukuguga, okungase kubangele izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lokuguga, isikhathi esinganele sokubamba, noma ukwelashwa kwesixazululo okwanele, okuholela kuma-alloying ambalwa kakhulu. Ukwengeza, uma ukucisha kushiywe isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphambi kokuguga okufakelwayo, ukuguga kwemvelo kuzokwenzeka ngaphambili, kunciphise umphumela wokuqinisa, okungase kubangele ubulukhuni obungajwayelekile.
Ukuguga ngokweqile kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu noma isikhathi side kakhulu, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezinhlayiya zesigaba esinciphile, ukukhuphuka kwezikhala, umphumela wokuqinisa uyancipha, ukuze ukuqina kwezinto ze-aluminium kuncipha, ukuqina kukhuphuke. Isihluthulelo sokunquma ukuguga okungaphansi noma ngaphezulu kokuvumelana kokuqina: yonke inqwaba yobulukhuni obuphansi iyinkinga yepharamitha, ukungalingani kwendawo ukusabalalisa okungalingani kwezinga lokushisa lomlilo noma izingxenye ngenxa yokuminyene kakhulu.
Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinjalo kudingeka ulinganise ngokuqinile imishini yokwelapha ukushisa ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwebanga lika-± 5-10 ° C; ngokusho kwebanga le-alloy kanye nobukhulu bezingxenye ukuthuthukisa ijika eliqondile lokuguga, ukugwema ukulungisa ngokungaboni imingcele; izingxenye ezicishiwe kufanele zidluliselwe kunqubo yokuguga yokwenziwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokuvamile akufanele kube ngaphezu kwamahora angu-4, ukuvimbela ukuguga kwemvelo ngokweqile.

Izinyathelo zokuqaphaSecondaryHdlaTukwelashwa

Uma umphumela wokuqina we-aluminium ungekho ezingeni elijwayelekile, kwezinye izimo ungalungiswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa kwesibili, kodwa kudingeka kulandelwe ukucaciswa okuqinile. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwesibili ngokuvamile kudinga ukuxazululwa kabusha nokuguga, kodwa uma i-aluminium idlule ekwelashweni kokushisa okuningana, ingase iholele kusayizi wokusanhlamvu omahhadla, othinta ukusebenza kukonke.
Isixazululo sesibili esiqinile sokushisa kufanele sibe ngaphansi kancane kunokuqala, ukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile kuholela ekukhuleni kokusanhlamvu noma ukuncibilika komngcele wokusanhlamvu; ukucisha isidingo sokunaka kakhudlwana ukufana kokupholisa, ngoba ukuqina kokuqala kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kulula ukuqhekeka kwesibili. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa kwesibili, ubulukhuni nokusebenza kufanele kuhlolwe kabusha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nezidingo.

Indlela Yokuhlola Ukuqina Kwe-Aluminium

I-Rockwell Hardness Testing

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Rockwell kulula ukusebenza futhi kusebenza kahle ekuhloleni ubulukhuni be-aluminium, ilungele ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yeqoqo. Ukuqina kunqunywa ukujula kokuhlehlisa kwe-indenter ngaphansi komthwalo, futhi inani lokuqina libalwa ngokubala umehluko wokujula ngemva kokulayisha kuqala nomthwalo oyinhloko.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwephrofayili ye-aluminium ngokuvamile kusebenzisa isikali se-HRB, kusetshenziswa umthwalo ongu-100kgf ne-indenter yebhola lensimbi, elungele i-aluminium enobulukhuni obuphansi; ubulukhuni obuphezulu be-aluminium obuqinisiwe bangakhetha esinye isikali se-Rockwell. Le ndlela iyashesha, ifunda ngokuqondile, i-indentation encane, nokulimala okuncane kuphrofayela.

BrinellHukubekezelaTest

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Brinell kusebenzisa ibhola lensimbi eliwububanzi obukhulu nomthwalo omkhulu, olungele ukuthola amaphrofayili e-aluminium ensimbi noma izingxenye ezinkulu ze-aluminium. Yakha i-indent enkulu endaweni, yenza isilinganiso umehluko ekubunjweni kwempahla nosayizi wokusanhlamvu, futhi ithola inani elimele lobulukhuni. Ukuhlola kudinga ukukala ububanzi bokuhlehlisa futhi kubalwe ivelu ye-HB, engagwema ukwahlulelwa okungalungile kwezindawo eziqinile nezithambile futhi ibonise ubulukhuni bonke, kodwa ukuhlehlisa kukhulu futhi akufanelekile kumikhiqizo eqediwe ngokunemba.

VickersHukubekezelaTest

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Vickers kuyahlukahluka futhi kungakala ubulukhuni obuhlukahlukene bamaphrofayili e-aluminium. Isebenzisa i-indenter ye-tetragonal yedayimane, isebenzise umthwalo oshintshashintshayo, futhi ibala ubulukhuni ngokuya ngediagonal yokuhlehlisa. Ibanga elibanzi lomthwalo, ukuhlolwa kwe-microscopic kanye ne-macroscopic, ekwazi ukukala ama-coatings, izindawo ezincane kanye nobunzima buphelele, ukunemba okuphezulu, okulungele ucwaningo lwesayensi nezinye izimo ezinzima, kodwa kudinga abasebenzi abakhethekile ukuze basebenze futhi bahlaziye.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Knoop

Ukuhlola ubulukhuni be-Knoop kusebenzisa i-indenter emise okwedayimane ukuze kwakhe ukuhlehlisa okuncanyana, futhi kubala ubulukhuni ngokulinganisa idayagonali ende. Umthwalo wayo we-gf ongu-10-1000 ulungele ukuhlola izinto eziphukayo, i-aluminium ezacile, okokunamathela nezindawo eziseduze.
I-indent engajulile, ende ivimbela ukuqhekeka kwesampula futhi ifaneleka ngokukhethekile i-aluminium ezacile noma efakwe phezulu. Ku-aluminium ye-anisotropic, ukulungisa isiqondiso sokuhlola kubonisa umehluko wokuqina futhi kunikeza idatha yokusebenza ebanzi.

I-Richter Hardness Test

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Richter kuyindlela ephathekayo, yokuhlola endaweni ehlola ubulukhuni be-aluminum ngokuthinta ibhola le-tungsten carbide ebusweni futhiukulinganisa izinga lokubopha kabusha, namazinga aphezulu okuphinda abophe abangele ubulukhuni obukhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Richter kuyavumelana nezimo, kuyashesha, futhi akunqunyelwe ama-specimens, okuyenza ifanelekele ukuthatha amasampula omsebenzi omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukunemba kuphansi futhi kutholakala kalula ezimweni ezingaphezulu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokuqala, kuyilapho izingxenye ezibucayi zisadinga ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela ezinembile.

UguHukubekezelaTest

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kogu kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola ama-elastomer namapulasitiki athambile, futhi akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwephrofayela ye-aluminium, kodwa kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ubulukhuni bobuso bokuthambile.i-aluminiumama-alloys noma izinhlanganisela ze-aluminium matrix. Umgomo uwukulinganisa ukujula kokuhlehlisa ngokusebenzisa i-indenter elayishwe entwasahlobo, enezikali ezihlukene ezihambisana nobubanzi obuhlukene bobulukhuni, isb. I-Shore A yamarabha athambile kanye ne-Shore D yamapulasitiki aqinile.
Ekuhlolweni kwe-aluminium, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Shore kusebenza kuphela ezimweni ezithile. Uma udinga ukuhlola ubulukhuni bezingubo ezithambile ebusweni be-aluminium noma uhlole amaphrofayili e-aluminium ahlanzekile ngobulukhuni obuphansi kakhulu, udinga ukunaka ukukhetha isikali esifanele ukugwema ukuhlanekezelwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Isiphetho

Ukuqina kwamaphrofayili e-aluminium kudinga ibhalansi phakathi kwamapharamitha enqubo, izakhiwo zengxubevange namazinga okuhlola ukuze kugwenywe imibono eyiphutha evamile. Ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi kokwelashwa kokushisa nezindlela zokuhlola kungakhulisa ukusebenza kwe-aluminium futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo eziphezulu zezinkambu eziningi.

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Yabelana nathi:

ngaphambili:

Kungani Khetha Amaphrofayili E-Aluminium Wezingubo Zokugqoka? Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Okufanele Uzazi

Olandelayo:

I-Aluminium Alloy Formwork: I-Ultimate Guide to High-Efficiency Construction Formwork

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